Photothermal-Mediated Topological-Covalent Tissue Adhesives: Synchronizing Robust Integration with Electrically Coupled Biointerfaces.

Abstract

Achieving robust adhesion and seamless electrical integration between hydrogels and biological tissues remains a formidable challenge in tissue engineering and bioelectronics. Herein, we report a photothermal-mediated bioadhesion strategy for atraumatic yet tough tissue adhesion and an integrated electrical interface. By molecularly engineering functionalized polyaniline derivatives as bridging polymers, we achieved photothermally controlled tissue penetration, enabling the spontaneous formation of covalent-topological interactions between tissue and hydrogel. In contrast to conventional bioadhesives that depend primarily on surface interactions, our strategy employs tissue-penetrating conducting polymers to form a three-dimensional interlocking network. This integrated system forms highly efficient electrical pathways across the tissue-hydrogel interface, significantly reducing interfacial impedance and enabling effective interfacial electrical integration. Through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> validation, we demonstrate the strategy's dual capability for high-precision electrophysiological monitoring and electrocoupling therapy in myocardial infarction. This bioadhesion strategy offers a simple and universal paradigm for bioelectronic and regenerative medicine.