Quantifying Ultrafast Hot Carrier Transfer along a Specific Vibrational Reaction Coordinate at Plasmonic Nanoparticle/Molecule Interfaces.

Pei, Quanbing; Tan, Junjun; Lai, Jing; Zheng, Xiaoxuan; Bai, Shiyu; Luo, Yi; Ye, Shuji · Nano Lett · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Insight into the transfer of energetic hot carriers (HCs) from plasmonic nanostructures to specific vibrational coordinates of adsorbed molecules is essential for understanding the HC-driven reaction mechanism, yet this process remains incompletely elucidated. Here, using 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) adsorbed on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a model system, we demonstrate that femtosecond visible pump-sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) probe technique can quantitatively monitor ultrafast interfacial HC injection into 4-NTP molecules following AuNP excitation, by detecting the third-order nonlinear SFG response (χ<sup>(3)</sup>) of specific vibrational modes. The HC transfer efficiencies from AuNPs to the NO<sub>2</sub> coordinates are determined to be 45-55% and 21-23% for interband and intraband excitations, respectively, significantly higher than those to the C═C coordinates. A higher HC transfer efficiency is correlated with an enhanced reaction yield. The observed selectivity in HC transfer to specific vibrational coordinates highlights the dominance of nonthermal pathways in plasmonic catalysis.