Why working from home varies across countries and people.

Zarate, Pablo; Barrero, Jose Maria; Bloom, Nicholas; Davis, Steven J; Dolls, Mathias; Aksoy, Cevat Giray · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025

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Abstract

We investigate why work from home (WFH) rates vary so widely across countries using the Global Survey of Working Arrangements (G-SWA). Conducted in late 2024 and early 2025, G-SWA is the only harmonized international survey of remote work, covering 14,427 full-time, college-educated workers across 37 countries. Our analysis finds that cultural individualism accounts for 29 percent of the cross-country variation in WFH rates-more than any other single factor. Industry structure, population density, and economic development account for smaller shares of the cross-country variation. We conclude with brief remarks on the broader role of culture in shaping the future of work and its implications for labor market policy.

Medical subject headings