Direct evidence for the absence of coupling between shear strain and superconductivity in Sr<sub>2</sub>RuO<sub>4</sub>.

Mattoni, Giordano; Johnson, Thomas; Ikeda, Atsutoshi; Paul, Shubhankar; Bobowski, Jake; Sigrist, Manfred; Maeno, Yoshiteru · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The superconducting symmetry of Sr<sub>2</sub>RuO<sub>4</sub> has been intensely debated for many years. A crucial controversy recently emerged between shear-mode ultrasound experiments, which suggest a two-component order parameter, and some uniaxial pressure experiments that suggest a one-component order parameter. To resolve this controversy, we use a new approach to directly apply three different kinds of shear strain to single crystals of Sr<sub>2</sub>RuO<sub>4</sub> and investigate the coupling to superconductivity. After characterising the strain by optical imaging, we observe variations of the transition temperature T<sub>c</sub> smaller than 10 mK%<sup>-1</sup> as measured by low-frequency magnetic susceptibility, indicating that shear strain has little to no coupling to superconductivity. Our results are consistent with a one-component order parameter model, but such a model cannot consistently explain other experimental evidence such as time-reversal symmetry breaking, superconducting domains, and horizontal line nodes, thus calling for alternative interpretations.