Multi-layered transcriptional control of glycogen metabolism coordinates thermogenic remodeling of white adipocytes in male mice.

Abstract

Thermogenic activation of subcutaneous white adipocytes requires glycogen synthesis and turnover. Here we show that β-adrenergic stimulation induces a distinct glycogen metabolism gene program in inguinal white adipose tissue in a cell-autonomous and adipocyte-specific manner. Among these, Gys2 and Ppp1r3c are rapidly induced following acute β3-adrenergic receptor activation. We identify Gys2 as a direct transcriptional target of PKA-CREB signaling. In contrast, sustained expression of glycogen metabolism genes under chronic β3-adrenergic activation requires the coactivator PGC1α, whose loss blunts glycogen accumulation and thermogenic capacity. Mechanistically, PGC1α cooperates with estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) to regulate chromatin accessibility and gene transcription. Although deletion of ERRα is compensated by ERRγ, combined deletion of ERRα/β/γ abolishes expression of glycogen metabolism and thermogenic genes. Chromatin profiling confirm that ERRs directly control the glycogen metabolic program in beige adipocytes. Together, our results identify a multilayered transcriptional axis that sustains glycogen metabolism during β-adrenergic activation in male mice.