Fabrication of low-tortuosity thick electrodes with low material loss by temporally shaped ultraviolet femtosecond laser.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41436480.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-67702-8 and PMC identifier 12847956.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC-ND.
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Abstract
Conventional battery electrodes exhibit high tortuosity, which severely impedes ion transport. This limitation restricts electrode thickness, decreases power density, and shortens battery lifetime. Fabricating through-holes can reduce tortuosity, but existing methods are generally complex with poor space utilization. Here, an array of high-density through-holes are fabricated by temporally shaped ultraviolet femtosecond laser. Using this technique, we achieve a 47:1 aspect ratio (6 μm in diameter), ensuring low material loss (<1%) for 280 μm-thick LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP) electrodes. The through-hole array reduces tortuosity of LFP thick electrodes by 19.1% (30 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>), 19.0% (40 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>), and 20.2% (60 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>), improving the specific energy density of batteries by 9.39%, 12.27%, 17.39% at 1 C, 1.5 C, and 2 C, respectively. It also boosts LFP power density by 100%-200% and doubles the cycling lifetime. This work demonstrates an effective approach for fabricating low-tortuosity thick electrodes, enhancing comprehensive performance of batteries.