Bacteria-responsive DNAgel system for targeted delivery of photothermally enhanced MXene/MoS<sub>2</sub> in the treatment of pyogenic osteomyelitis.

Jiang, Yun; Siow, Lixuen; Xing, Kuoran; Lin, Mingkai; Cao, Zelin; Liu, Yu; Gong, Jiaxing; Zhou, Siyi et al. · Bioact Mater · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Pyogenic osteomyelitis (POM) presents significant clinical challenges due to persistent infections and impaired bone regeneration. Here, we developed a bacteria-responsive MXene/MoS<sub>2</sub> DNAgel (MXMoS<sub>2</sub> DNAgel) with enhanced photothermal antibacterial capabilities to treat POM. By doping molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) quantum dots onto MXene nanosheets, the hydrogel exhibited significantly improved near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion, facilitating efficient bacterial eradication. The DNA-based hydrogel responded selectively to bacterial DNase, allowing for infection-triggered release of therapeutic components. Furthermore, the MXMoS<sub>2</sub> DNAgel reduced inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 toward anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes and promoted osteogenic differentiation through activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies demonstrated excellent antibacterial efficacy, robust bone regeneration, and favorable biocompatibility. Collectively, this multifunctional hydrogel offers a promising therapeutic platform for targeted management and healing of infectious bone diseases.