Breaking the "Seesaw Effect": 20.72% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells via Cascade Energy Transfer with a Fluorescent Sensitizer.

Liu, Chunhui; Wang, Zhen; Xie, Qian; Guo, Yu; Song, Jiali; Gao, Jiaxin; Liu, Sha; Liu, Liming et al. · Adv Mater · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Though organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved remarkable progress recently, the intrinsic limitation of the "seesaw effect" between open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) and short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) hinders their further improvements. In this study, a fluorescent small molecule, namely SD-EDOT, is incorporated into the widely used PM6:BTP-eC9 system to overcome this challenge. The addition of SD-EDOT lowers the energetic disorder and electron-phonon coupling within the system. More importantly, it forms an energy cascade between donor and acceptor, enabling a side cascade energy transfer pathway and a more favorable energetic landscape. The high fluorescent property of SD-EDOT improves the utilization rate of high-energy excitons. These effects collectively promote faster and more efficient charge generation (improving J<sub>sc</sub>), deeper highest occupied molecular orbit of donors, and suppressed non-radiative energy loss (elevating V<sub>oc</sub>). Consequently, the ternary devices achieve simultaneously higher V<sub>oc</sub> and J<sub>sc</sub>, significantly boosting the power conversion efficiency from 18.75% to 20.72%. This study provides a rational strategy for mitigating the V<sub>oc</sub>-J<sub>sc</sub> trade-off by incorporating a highly fluorescent third component with tailored energy levels, offering a promising pathway toward higher-performance OSCs.