Balancing Performance and Device Complexity in Single-Point Miniaturized Spectrometers via Multi-Peak Modulation Strategies.

Abstract

Balancing resolution, complexity, bandwidth, power, and scalability is essential for advancing single-point miniaturized spectrometers from lab prototypes to practical portable and integrated photonic systems. In this paper, we present a high-performance two-terminal asymmetric back-to-back organic spectrometer (BTBOS) that utilizes a bias-controlled multi-peak modulation strategy to mitigate the ill-posed inverse problem common in single-point architectures. The device achieves a 1 nm spectral resolution across the broad 300-1000 nm range, with a ∼0.25 nm peak error and <2% spectral crosstalk, using only a low driving voltage of 0.6 V. The device further features a structurally simple design along with remarkable stability and reproducibility. In addition, we demonstrate its practical applicability in spectral imaging. This scalable and energy-efficient approach paves the way for practical and commercial use of miniaturized spectrometers in wearable and on-chip optical systems.