Modified Chitosan With Oxidized Nanocellulose and Cerium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Development and Characterization for Rapid Hemostatic Applications.

Abstract

Nanocomposite hemostatic sponges, comprising modified chitosan sponges, gelatin, and inorganic mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles in the presence or absence of Ce were prepared. Modified chitosan was synthesized through a Schiff base crosslinking reaction between chitosan and oxidized cellulose, followed by the incorporation of gelatin and nano-additives to enhance the bioactivity and hemostatic properties of the sponges. Compositional and morphological analyses were conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy, respectively, confirming their chemical and porous structure. Additionally, extensive research was conducted on crystallinity, swelling behavior and mechanical properties to highlight the physicochemical characteristics of these novel biomaterials. The sponges demonstrated remarkable water sorption capacity, particularly at pH 5.6, where the absorption reached nearly 5000%, significantly surpassing results at pH 7.4. In vitro cell viability assays showed excellent biocompatibility, with viability exceeding 120% for MBGNPs-Ce, presenting their potential to promote cell proliferation. Additionally, blood clotting time measurements confirmed strong hemostatic performance, with MBGNPs-Ce significantly enhancing platelet clot formation. These findings underscore the potential of these sponges as promising candidates for emergency trauma treatment in civilian and military settings, offering significant advancements in hemostatic management.