Disentangling disease heterogeneity in C3 glomerulopathies: a slippery road.

Duineveld, Caroline; Wetzels, Jack F M · Kidney Int · 2026

review · Level V

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Abstract

The development of anticomplement therapies provides an impetus to classify patients with C3 glomerulopathy/immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in homogeneous subgroups, which reflect disease etiology. A recent hierarchical cluster analysis identified 5 clusters. A web-based tool allows clinicians to classify their patients. Although the study paves the way for future research, clinicians should be aware of the many limitations and await validation studies before using the tool.

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