ASTRO: Automated Spatial-Transcriptome whole RNA Output.

Zhang, Dingyao; Chu, Zhiyuan; Huo, Yiran; Jiang, Yunzhe; Chen, Yuhang; Bai, Zhiliang; Fan, Rong; Lu, Jun et al. · Bioinformatics · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Despite significant advances in spatial transcriptomics, the analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, which constitute most clinically available samples, remains challenging. Additionally, capturing both coding and non-coding RNAs in a spatial context poses significant challenges. We recently introduced Patho-DBiT, a technology designed to address these unmet needs. However, the marked differences between Patho-DBiT and existing spatial transcriptomics protocols necessitate specialized computational tools for comprehensive whole-transcriptome analysis in FFPE samples. Here, we present ASTRO, an automated pipeline developed to process spatial transcriptomics data. In addition to supporting standard datasets, ASTRO is optimized for whole-transcriptome analyses of FFPE samples, enabling the detection of various RNA species, including non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs. To compensate for the reduced RNA quality in FFPE tissues, ASTRO incorporates a specialized filtering step and optimizes spatial barcode calling, increasing the mapping rate. These optimizations allow ASTRO to spatially quantify coding and non-coding RNA species in the entire transcriptome and achieve robust performance in FFPE samples. Codes are available at GitHub (https://github.com/gersteinlab/ASTRO) and Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17913760).

Medical subject headings