Conformal Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors With Ion-Permeable Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring.

Abstract

Textile-based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer unique advantages for wearable health monitoring, yet their performance is often limited by relatively slow ion dynamics. Here, we overcome this limitation by developing a conformal, nanofibrous vertical OECT (NF-vOECT) platform fabricated via electrospinning. The device integrates vertically stacked semiconductor channels with, critically, ion-permeable nanofiber electrodes. These porous electrodes facilitate direct vertical ionic exchange with the active layer, enabling highly efficient channel modulation while maintaining excellent breathability and mechanical adaptability. The resulting NF-vOECTs exhibit a high transconductance of up to 57.5 mS, a fast response time of 11.7 ms, and stable low-voltage operation, alongside robust mechanical and electrochemical durability. This architecture's amplification and frequency-selective response contribute to an improved signal-to-noise ratio during real-time electrophysiological signal acquisition. This work establishes a new platform for high-performance, breathable OECTs, advancing the development of soft bioelectronics for next-generation wearable applications.