Reconfigurable Visible Holography at a Single Design Wavelength Enabled by an Sb₂S₃ Phase-Change Metasurface.

Abstract

Reconfigurable metasurface holography in the visible region is hindered by the trade-off between optical loss and phase tunability. We report a reconfigurable visible metasurface hologram operated at a fixed wavelength, enabled by the reversible phase transition of an Sb₂S₃ phase-change metasurface. The device integrates nonvolatile switching with complementary polarization multiplexing and a computationally optimized phase framework to achieve on-demand control of multiple holographic channels without altering geometry. In the crystalline state, two distinct images are reconstructed under orthogonal linear polarizations (<i>x</i> and <i>y</i>), whereas in the amorphous state, two additional images are activated under left- and right-handed circular polarizations (LCP and RCP). An iterative Fourier-Adam optimization establishes a shared base phase that maintains interchannel orthogonality, suppressing crosstalk and enhancing reconstruction fidelity. The low-loss, nonvolatile Sb₂S₃ platform provides a scalable route toward compact optical encryption and programmable visible photonics.