Negative feedback regulation of alcohol ingestion through the FGF21-PVH oxytocin-VTA dopamine system.

Matsui, Sho; Takahashi, Yuma; Morioka, Shuhei; Ozawa, Takaaki; Kanayama, Sachiho; Iwama, Hiroki; Geng, Lan; Umemoto, Kazuhiro et al. · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Alcohol has a notable negative impact on global health. Understanding its physiological regulation is crucial to addressing alcohol use. Here, we show that FGF21-oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH<sup>OXT</sup>)-dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA<sup>DA</sup>) negatively regulate the drive to drink alcohol. Alcohol induces FGF21 signaling, which activates PVH<sup>OXT</sup> and induces oxytocin release in the VTA. The VTA<sup>DA</sup> neurons are activated hours after alcohol ingestion, which reduces the drive to drink alcohol, extends the interdrink interval, and thereby reduces alcohol consumption. The system is downregulated in a mouse model of alcohol dependence, and activating the system with FGF21-inducing sugars reduces alcohol ingestion and prevents binge drinking and alcohol dependence. Therefore, FGF21-inducing nutraceuticals can substitute for alcohol by supplementing the FGF21-PVH<sup>OXT</sup>-VTA<sup>DA</sup> negative feedback signal to attenuate alcohol-related behaviors in mice.

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