The Discovery of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Ligands: The Long Road to Changes in Clinical Practice for Prostate Cancer.

Benešová-Schäfer, Martina; Haberkorn, Uwe; Babich, John W · Eur Urol · 2026

review · Level V

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Abstract

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting strategies in prostate cancer have evolved rapidly from early antibody-based approaches to highly effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents. While PSMA remains a central benchmark in metastatic disease, biological heterogeneity and therapy resistance underscore the need for continued innovation and rational combination strategies.