Spatiotemporally Engineered POSS Nanoplatform for Multi-Organelle-Targeted Synergistic Photothermal-Chemo-Immunotherapy.

Abstract

Tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppression limit the efficacy of conventional immunotherapy. Here, we introduce a spatiotemporally engineered nanoplatform (CAP/CyOH@NPs) that achieves multi-organelle targeting in tumor cells through POSS-based nanoconfinement. The rigid POSS cage co-encapsulates a photothermal agent (CyOH) and chemotherapeutic prodrug (capecitabine), enabling stable, simultaneous localization to lysosomes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum-independent of pH or membrane potential. This subcellular precision enhances photothermal conversion (53.4%) and amplifies immunogenic cell death via coordinated organelle stress. When combined with PD-L1 blockade, the platform remodels the tumor immune microenvironment and suppresses both primary and distant tumors in a 4T1 breast cancer model. This work establishes a new paradigm for engineering nanomedicines with organelle-level specificity, offering a versatile strategy to overcome resistance in precision oncology.