A Primer for Pediatric Plastic Surgeons on Pediatric Head and Neck Malignancies: Part I-Epidemiology and Overview of Common Pediatric Head and Neck Tumors.

Abstract

After studying this article, the participant should be able to (1) understand the incidence and trends of pediatric head and neck cancer; (2) identify the common tumors that present in the head and neck region; (3) describe the risk factors and pathogenesis associated with these malignancies, to identify children at risk; and (4) describe and understand the common presentations of these tumors to gain confidence in diagnosing these patients early in practice. Pediatric head and neck malignancies are rare; however, their incidence is rising rapidly, with an incidence of 3.29 diagnoses per 100,000 person-years. These malignancies often present with nonspecific symptoms distinct from adults, making early diagnosis more challenging. Recognizing early symptoms in children is essential to improve treatment and long-term outcomes. This review discusses the incidence, pathogenesis, classification, and presentation of the common pediatric head and neck malignancies, including lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, thyroid carcinoma, salivary gland malignancies, bone malignancies, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and melanoma.