Dynamic Dipole Engineering Enables Ultrahigh Energy Storage with Minimal Losses.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41559928.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202522905.
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Abstract
Achieving high recoverable energy density (W<sub>rec</sub>) with near-unity efficiency (η) in lead-free dielectrics remains a major challenge for advanced pulse power capacitors, given their central role in emerging pulsed power systems and high-voltage electronics. Here, we show that targeted engineering of dynamic dipole behavior provides an effective route to remarkable energy storage performance. Guided by phase-field simulations, we design (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> (BNT)-based multilayer ceramic capacitors that transform a continuous network of strongly correlated dipoles into discrete nano-domains. Within each nano-domain, dipoles retain strong local cooperativity, which maintains high polarization while markedly suppressing hysteresis losses. As a result, the optimized multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) achieve a recoverable energy density of 16.2 J cm<sup>-3</sup>, an η of 98.5%, and a record-high figure of merit (W<sub>F</sub>) of 1080 at 650 kV cm<sup>-1</sup>. This moderate operating field also produces an ultrahigh energy storage strength (ξ) of 249 J kV<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>, highlighting the efficiency of the dipole-regulation strategy. These findings demonstrate that weakly correlated and dynamic dipoles can be harnessed to advance high-performance, lead-free energy storage devices and offer a viable design principle for next-generation capacitive technologies.