Interfacial engineering via dipolar fullerene derivative for efficient tin halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41565676.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-026-68719-3 and PMC identifier 12923904.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC-ND.
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Abstract
Modulating hot carrier dynamics is crucial in tin halide perovskite photovoltaics, particularly under indoor illumination with limited photon flux. Herein, a fullerene derivative bearing four piperazine groups (denoted as TPPC) is synthesized to engineer the perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> interface. The TPPC molecule exhibits a dipole moment of 1.97 Debye, leading to enhanced adsorption energy on perovskite surface and robust interfacial interaction. The newly formed surface dipole optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment via a cascade gradient, enabling modulation of interfacial hot carrier dynamics. Consequently, TPPC-treated photovoltaic devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.49% and a maximum output power density (P<sub>out</sub>) of 64.1 μW cm<sup>-2</sup> under white light-emitting diode illumination (3000 K, 1000 lux, 285 μW cm<sup>-2</sup>). Large-area (1.21 cm<sup>2</sup>) devices attain a PCE of 17.94% (certified: 15.93%) and a maximum P<sub>out</sub> of 51.2 μW cm<sup>-2</sup> under the same illumination conditions.