An In Situ Embedded B-MOF Sponge With Shape-Memory for All-in-One Diabetic Wound Therapy.

Abstract

Diabetic wounds are characterized by persistent inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, and susceptibility to infection, posing significant clinical challenges. Here, we report an intelligent shape-memory sponge (P₁A₃@B-MOF) engineered for the programmable modulation of the diabetic wound microenvironment. The dressing consists of an interpenetrating network of oxidized pullulan and acellular dermal matrix, incorporating zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) metal-organic frameworks encapsulated with salvianolic acid B (SalB) via in situ self-assembly. This design enables exudate-triggered shape recovery and pH-responsive drug release, targeting the acidic pathological environment. We demonstrate that the released Zn²⁺ and SalB exert synergistic effects: conferring broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, orchestrating macrophage repolarization from proinflammatory M1 to regenerative M2 phenotypes, and activating the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway to restore vascularization. In a diabetic rat model, the sponge accelerated wound closure with a 98.5% healing rate by day 14 and modulated collagen deposition via the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling axis, thereby effectively mitigating scar formation. This integrated strategy offers a promising modality for restoring immune homeostasis and promoting functional skin regeneration.