Outcomes of High-Voltage Versus Low-Voltage Electrical Injuries: Analysis From 25 Years of Experience in a Single Medical Center.

Abstract

Electrical injuries (EIs) often lead to severe complications, with high-voltage injuries (HVEIs) known to result in more detrimental outcomes than low-voltage injuries (LVEIs). The greater extent of tissue damage in HVEI raises the need for accurate management; however, areas in fluid resuscitation lack specific guidelines for HVEI patients. The study objectives were to evaluate the complication rates between HVEI and LVEI and to explore the existing gaps in current EI clinical management. This retrospective study analyzed the management and outcomes of 73 HVEI and LVEI patients over a 25-year period in a single medical center. Additionally, the correlation between fluid infusion and adverse events was investigated. HVEI patients exhibited higher rates of complications, including compartment syndrome, amputation, renal failure, and mortality. A minor negative correlation was identified between increased fluid administration and complication rates without statistical significance. HVEI patients demonstrated significantly higher complication rates than LVEI patients. EI management with emergent fasciotomy may lower the amputation rate, and adequate fluid infusion in the first 24 hours may lower complications. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to establish comprehensive managing protocols.