Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon with Optimized Pseudo-graphitic Domains and Closed Pores for High-Performance Sodium Storage.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41577634.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05847.
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Abstract
Hard carbon (HC) stands out as a competitive anode for sodium-ion batteries, combining abundant, sustainable precursors with desirable electrochemical properties. By employing a simple solution-based approach to control cellulose decomposition, we engineer curved pseudographitic domains with expanded interlayer spacing and rich closed pores from peanut shell precursors. The resulting PSHC-7 delivers 401 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.06 A g<sup>-1</sup>, an initial Coulombic efficiency of 88.6%, 289 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 3.0 A g<sup>-1</sup>, and 93.1% capacity retention over 4500 cycles. <i>In situ</i> Raman and <i>in situ</i> XRD reveal a multistep "adsorption-intercalation-pore filling" mechanism, while theoretical calculations confirm that hierarchical pores and pseudocapacitive effects enhance Na<sup>+</sup> transport and storage. The full cells (NVP//PSHC-7) demonstrate practical applicability. This work provides an integrated experimental and theoretical framework linking precursor chemistry, microstructure, and electrochemical performance, offering a facile route to high-efficiency, durable, and cost-effective SIB anodes.