Seeding a Gradient Solid-Electrolyte Interphase in Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41586505.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04732.
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Abstract
Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), coupling lithiated cathodes and bare anode current collectors, deliver advantages in both energy density and safety. Nevertheless, AFLMBs suffer from a limited cycling life due to the parasitic reactions and vulnerable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). In this study, a chromium nitride nanofilm is coated on copper foil by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) to optimize Li deposition and participate in forming a gradient SEI. This gradient SEI has a LiF-rich surface and a CrF<sub>3</sub>-rich middle layer, mitigating parasitic electrolyte decomposition by reducing electron leakage into the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the inner region of the SEI is predominately composed of Li<sub>3</sub>N, which facilitates smooth Li<sup>+</sup> transport and uniform Li deposition. Under lean-electrolyte conditions (1.75 g of Ah<sup>-1</sup>), the anode-free pouch cell (0.72 Ah) achieves a high energy density of 453 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>. This work presents a scalable route to nanoscale lithiophilic coatings, advancing AFLMB technology toward practical application.