The Effects of Robot-Assisted Upper Extremity Training on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Abstract

Primary aim was to investigate the effects of upper extremity (UE) robot-assisted training (RAT), applied in addition to conventional rehabilitation program, on cognitive functions after stroke. Secondary aim was to investigate its effects on UE motor functions and activities, hand dexterity, and daily living activities. 40 post-acute stroke patients were randomized into robotic (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. All patients received a conventional rehabilitation program for 6 weeks, total 30 sessions. The robotic group received additional RAT to the affected UE by exoskeleton robotic system at each session. Cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), UE motor functions (Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity), UE activities (Motor Activity Log-28), hand dexterity (Box and Block Test), and daily living activities (Functional Independence Measure) were assessed before and after the treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Both groups showed significant improvements regarding primary and secondary outcomes (p < 0,05). However, improvements in all outcome measures did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0,0167). UE RAT applied in addition to conventional rehabilitation program in post-acute stroke provided no extra benefit in terms of improvements in cognitive functions, as well as UE extremity motor functions and activities, hand dexterity, and daily living activities.