IKDP: Implicit Knowledge Enhanced Disease Prediction via heterogeneous admission sequence graphs.

Abstract

Despite significant advances in deep learning for electronic health record (EHR) modeling, accurately representing complex disease relationships and admission trajectories remains challenging. Current approaches that leverage external knowledge graphs to learn patient representations are often limited by incomplete knowledge coverage. Furthermore, these methods frequently overlook implicit information within patient data, such as inter-patient similarities and latent disease correlations, and often discard patients with only a single admission, thereby losing valuable clinical insights. To address these limitations, we introduce the Implicit Knowledge Enhanced Disease Prediction model (IKDP) via heterogeneous admission sequence graphs (SeqGs), which harnesses implicit knowledge from comprehensive patient admission data. IKDP integrates an auxiliary pre-training strategy with end-to-end optimization to effectively process multi-dimensional patient data and compute inter-patient similarities as complementary knowledge. Specifically, the model constructs SeqGs for each patient, which capture complex disease dependencies and the dynamic evolution of health status. Moreover, critical paths extracted from the SeqGs, combined with similar patient analysis and historical admission records, are utilized to elucidate the reasoning behind predictions. The code is available at https://github.com/SCUT-CCNL/IKDP.