A GPCR-G protein-β-arrestin megacomplex enabled by a versatile allosteric modulator.

He, Guodong; Sun, Qinxin; Xu, Xinyu; Kong, Fang; Zhang, Shuhao; Ye, Kexin; Sun, Xiaoou; Lin, Bin et al. · Cell · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Approximately one-third of clinical drugs mediate their therapeutic effects through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), highlighting their immense therapeutic relevance. Novel approaches to modulate GPCR activity have the potential to yield unique pharmacological profiles. Conventionally, the G protein and β-arrestin signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs have been viewed as mutually exclusive. Using the in-house developed survival pressure selection (SPS) method, a high-throughput platform for GPCR agonist discovery, we identified an allosteric ligand that stabilizes a GPCR-G protein-β-arrestin megacomplex, thereby mediating sustained receptor signaling following internalization. Remarkably, this compound, atazanavir, exhibits pan-receptor activation across multiple family A GPCRs, including GPR119, β<sub>1</sub>AR, and β<sub>2</sub>AR, demonstrating the broad applicability of this regulatory mechanism. This discovery uncovers a distinct mechanism of GPCR regulation, opening alternative avenues for the development of therapeutics targeting GPCRs.

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