Associations between obesity, metabolic syndrome and glaucoma in the National Institutes of Health 'All of Us' research programme.

Abstract

The literature surrounding the relationship between obesity and glaucoma is conflicting. The aim of this study was to examine associations between obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and glaucoma prevalence in the National Institutes of Health All of Us (AoU) research programme. 156 362 individuals over age 40 were included in analyses. Obesity was defined by (1) body mass index (BMI) and (2) central obesity based on waist circumference (WC). MetS was defined as ≥3 of the following: central obesity (CO), triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women), blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg and fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or non-fasting glucose ≥140 mg/dL. Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MSSS) was captured as a continuous measure of MetS. Logistic regression models examined associations between (1) BMI, (2) CO, (3) WC, (4) MetS, (5) MSSS and glaucoma prevalence. Overweight (OR 0.80 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.86)) and obese (OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.85)) individuals based on BMI and those with CO (OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.93)) and increased WC (OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.99)) had lower odds of glaucoma compared with non-overweight individuals. Individuals with MetS (OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.44)) and higher MSSS (OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.22)) had increased odds of glaucoma compared with individuals without MetS. In AoU, higher BMI and increased WC were associated with a lower likelihood of glaucoma, while MetS was associated with an increased likelihood of glaucoma.