Rare-Earth Atoms on Nb(110) as a Platform to Engineer Topological Superconductivity.

Antognini Silva, David; Wang, Yu; Atodiresei, Nicolae; Friedrich, Felix; Blügel, Stefan; Bode, Matthias; Rüßmann, Philipp; Odobesko, Artem · Nano Lett · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Helical spin textures in one-dimensional magnetic chains on superconductors can enable topological superconductivity and host Majorana zero modes, independent of the presence of intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. Here, we show that gadolinium (Gd) adatoms, possessing large 4f magnetic moments when placed on a Nb(110) surface, establish indirect exchange interactions mediated by valence electrons, manifesting as Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy with density functional theory, we analyze the emergence of the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in single Gd atoms and Gd dimers and uncover the underlying magnetic interaction mechanisms. Based in these results we predict by means of spin-dynamics simulations the formation of stable chiral Néel-type spin-spiral configurations in Gd chains. These findings highlight rare-earth magnets as a promising platform for precisely tuning spin-spiral ground states, an essential prerequisite for the realization of topological superconductivity.