Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Health Care: Current Capabilities, Emerging Potential, and Future Directions.

Abstract

This article reviews how artificial intelligence and machine learning are reshaping health care. After a historical overview and glossary, we explore current clinical uses including diagnostics, treatment planning, and operations. We examine ethical, security, and bias concerns. Radiology and pathology serve as mature examples, while sepsis prediction and personalized therapy illustrate rapidly advancing fronts. Case studies, figures, and supplements highlight practical impact, and an outlook section discusses regulatory trends and future research priorities. Throughout, we emphasize responsible adoption to maximize patient benefit and clinician support.