Association between intraoperative methadone administration and QTc interval prolongation: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Abstract

The perioperative use of methadone is increasing because of its favorable effects on postoperative analgesia and opioid consumption. Methadone can cause QTc interval prolongation, increasing the risk of Torsades de Pointes. The effect of an intraoperative loading dose of methadone on intraoperative QTc interval prolongation is unknown. A retrospective observational cohort study of patients aged ≥18 years who underwent major non-cardiopulmonary surgery was conducted. Patients receiving an intraoperative loading dose of methadone were assigned to the methadone group; others formed the non-methadone group. Single-lead ECGs (II) were analyzed using a wavelet-based QTc interval algorithm to obtain 1- min average QTc interval values at baseline and intraoperatively. The outcome measure was the occurrence of any intraoperative 1- min averaged time windows that exceeded the predefined thresholds of 500 ms (primary), increase of ≥30 ms from baseline and increase of ≥60 ms from baseline (secondary). Propensity score matching was performed. A total of 637 patients were included, and after propensity score matching (1:1 ratio), 244 patients were analyzed. A QTc interval >500 ms (23.8% vs 23.0%; p=0.88), an increase of ≥30 ms from baseline (67.8% vs 75.0%; p=0.22), and an increase of ≥60 ms from baseline (29.7% vs 22.4%; p=0.21) occurred equally in the non-methadone group compared with the methadone group. The percentage of intraoperative time spent above threshold was significantly higher in the non-methadone group for the>500 ms threshold (p=0.004). The implementation of methadone for perioperative pain management was not associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative QTc interval prolongation.