Changes in body mass index among pregnant women during labor over four decades: a retrospective longitudinal analysis.

Gašparová, Petra; Ballová, Zuzana; Sitáš, Martina; Dosedla, Erik · Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026

retrospective_cohort · Level III

Where this comes from

Abstract

The global rise in maternal obesity presents a growing public health challenge, with significant implications for pregnancy outcomes. This study offers a comprehensive retrospective analysis of changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) among pregnant women during labor over four decades. BMI data were retrospectively collected from 13,193 pregnant women divided into three cohorts: Group 0 (1986-1990), Group 1 (2009-2013), and Group 2 (2024). Mean BMI increased significantly from 23.75 kg/m² in Group 0 to 27.33 kg/m² in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of obesity rose more than fivefold, from 4.87% to 25.76%. Regression analysis confirmed a linear and statistically significant upward trajectory across all groups. The sustained increase in maternal BMI underscores the urgency of implementing targeted interventions, including preconception counseling and personalized antenatal care, to mitigate the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with elevated BMI.

Medical subject headings