Sex-based case fatality rate of violence-related injuries among 522,939 patients: Retrospective analysis.

Abstract

Violence-related injuries (VRIs) remain a major contributor to trauma-related mortality worldwide. We evaluated the case fatality rates (CFRs) of VRIs stratified by sex. We hypothesized that sex differences affect the CRF following VRIs. A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Programs and ICD-10 for VRIs. Among 522,939 VRIs patients, males accounted for 82.8% with higher mortality than females (7.5% vs. 5.6%). Males had higher CFRs than females among firearm-related injuries (16.3% vs. 15.2%), and Self-inflicted harm (SIH) (21.9% vs. 12.1%). In Interpersonal violence, CFRs among White females and Black males were 19.7% and 15.8%, respectively. For SIH, firearm lethality was higher among older White males ≥ 65 years (64.3%) and young Black males aged 36-45 (57.8%). Firearm injury (OR 18.49) and male sex (OR 1.21) were independent predictors for mortality. Sex-based disparities in VRIs in the United States are evident, notably in firearm injuries and SIH, underscoring the need for targeted injury prevention.