Scalable solution soaking quenching technique unlocks efficient and durable wide bandgap perovskite solar modules.

Fang, Yuxuan; Sun, Jinglin; Tan, Ying; Yang, Guo; Chen, Huanyu; Gu, Mingwei; Feng, Yongbin; Yang, Meifang et al. · Nat Commun · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskite photovoltaic modules show strong potential for portable chargers, building-integrated photovoltaics, agrivoltaics, and tandem systems, but large-area processing exacerbates crystallization heterogeneity, surface defects, and halide phase segregation. Conventional spin-coating passivation fails to deliver uniform interfacial control at scale. Here, an industrially inspired solution-soaking quenching technique is introduced, in which hot blade-coated wide-bandgap perovskite films ( ~ 30 cm<sup>2</sup>) are immersed in cold SrI<sub>2</sub>/isopropanol. It enables rapid surface reconstruction and uniform surface passivation, enhances photoluminescence uniformity, improves crystallinity, reduces roughness, and stabilizes halides via gradient Sr<sup>2+</sup> incorporation. These effects mitigate tensile stress, optimize energy-level alignment, and suppress light-induced phase separation. Methylammonium-free wide-bandgap small-area (0.04 cm<sup>2</sup>) devices achieve efficiencies up to 22.03%, while a 10.13 cm<sup>2</sup> module delivers 20.32% efficiency with excellent operational stability. The method is versatile across wide-bandgap perovskite compositions and enables practical applications including portable chargers, semitransparent modules (18.41% bifacial equivalent efficiency), and >27% efficient all-perovskite tandem windows.