Mucosal vaccination in mice provides protection from diverse respiratory threats.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41712698.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1126/science.aea1260.
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Abstract
Traditional vaccines target specific pathogens, limiting their scope against diverse respiratory threats. We describe an intranasal liposomal formulation combining toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 7/8 ligands with a model antigen, ovalbumin, that provided broad, durable protection in mice for at least 3 months against infection with SARS-CoV-2 and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. In addition, the vaccine protected mice from other viruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS, SCH014 coronavirus), bacteria (<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>), and allergens. Protection was mediated by persistent ovalbumin-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> memory T cells that imprinted alveolar macrophages (AMs), enhancing antigen presentation and antiviral immunity. Following infection, vaccinated mice mounted rapid pathogen-specific T cell and antibody responses and formed ectopic lymphoid structures in the lung. These results reveal a class of "universal vaccines" against diverse respiratory threats.