Energy-Harvesting Evaporator Mimics Photosynthesis-Respiration Cycle and Enables All-Day Seawater Desalination.

Wang, Meng; He, Zixiang; Zhang, Xinlu; Xie, Peng; Wei, Yen; Zhang, Shiyu; Wang, Ke; Wang, Rupeng et al. · ACS Nano · 2026

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Solar desalination holds promise for alleviating water scarcity but faces challenges in cold and low-light environments. Inspired by the environmental heat utilization and energy-storage capability of frost-resistant beetles, we designed a sandwich-structured environmental energy utilization evaporator (EUE) incorporating energy-storage microcapsules within a PVA hydrogel and a photothermal PV-Joule heating module. The EUE achieves evaporation rates of 2.12 and 10.05 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> under photothermal and dual photothermal PV-Joule heating modes, respectively. During darkness, the photosynthesis-like operation utilizes stored PV electricity to maintain stable evaporation. Energy flow modeling indicates a 174% improvement in total energy input for evaporation compared to that of single-solar desalination. Furthermore, machine-learning simulations validate the system's performance across diverse climates, demonstrating consistent operation in cold regions. The EUE achieves excellent all-day water production (∼43.9 kg m<sup>-2</sup>), illustrating stable and high-performance evaporation in cold climates. This research provides a viable approach to all-weather desalination and a proof-of-concept for expanding solar-driven evaporation applications.