Surface concavity enhances ultrasonic transmission from air to liquid.

Tang, Xiuxing; Zhang, Liang; Hou, Zherui; Zhou, Minghao; Jiang, Yajun; Zang, Duyang · Soft Matter · 2026

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

We reveal a unique effect in which the ultrasonic transmission efficiency from the air to the liquid is significantly enhanced by the liquid surface concavity induced by ultrasound. The surface concavity acts as a special geometry-controllable transducer to transmit ultrasound into the liquid, where the sound transmission efficiency exhibits a relationship with the concavity depth: <i>τ</i> ∼ <i>d</i><sup>2</sup>.