Diagnosis, Pathology, and Management of Pain in the Ischemic Hand: A Comprehensive Review.
review · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41739007.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.022.
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Abstract
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia of the upper extremity, resulting from pathologies like vasospasm, occlusion, trauma, or end-stage renal disease, is challenging to manage because of severe pain and morbidity. This review seeks to summarize the vascular anatomy of the upper extremity at risk for chronic limb-threatening ischemia, explain the pathophysiology of ischemic pain signaling, review diagnostic testing, and explore medical and surgical pain management options, as well as introduce avenues for future research.
Anatomy
- hand