Sn-Triggered Bridging-Oxygen of lr─O─Ru Deprotonation Enhances Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Li, Yanqin; Fang, Bin; Li, Chunlin; Cui, Shirui; Zhao, Chunyang; Hu, Wei; Cao, Chen; Yin, Nianliang et al. · Adv Mater · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for advancing the commercialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Here, we report a ternary oxide catalyst, Ir-RuSnO<sub>x</sub>, in which atomically dispersed Ir substitutes surface Ru sites to construct an Ir─O─Ru atomic interface. The catalyst requires an overpotential of only 165 mV to deliver 10 mA cm<sup>-</sup> <sup>2</sup> and maintains stable operation for over 350 h at 100 mA cm<sup>-</sup> <sup>2</sup>. When integrated into a PEMWE, Ir-RuSnO<sub>x</sub> sustains continuous operation at 1 A cm<sup>-</sup> <sup>2</sup> for 800 h without observable degradation. Combined electrochemical and theoretical studies reveal that Sn acting as a strong electron donor, enhances electron localization at the bridging oxygen (O<sub>bri</sub>) within the Ir─O─Ru motif. This enables O<sub>bri</sub> as a proton acceptor, facilitating deprotonation of O─H and OO─H species at Ru sites, thereby forming O<sub>bri</sub>─H intermediates, lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS), and accelerating OER kinetics. Simultaneously, Sn incorporation increases the electron density of the Ir─O─Ru structure, strengthening its resistance against oxidative degradation. These findings offer a path to achieving both high activity and long-term durability in acidic OER electrocatalysts.