Perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes toward genetics among psychiatric patients and their relatives: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.

Abstract

Advances in genetic applications within psychiatry offer promising benefits in diagnosis, treatment personalization, and risk prediction. However, ethical concerns-such as fear of discrimination and eugenics-and limited awareness hinder their widespread adoption. This review aims to evaluate the attitudes of psychiatric patients and their relatives toward genetics in psychiatry and to identify the key factors that influence these perceptions. A systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines was performed across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL up to February 2024. Studies exploring attitudes toward genetics in psychiatry among patients and relatives were included; their quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diverse Studies tool. A qualitative meta-synthesis identified themes, whereas a meta-analysis estimated favorable attitudes. Seventy studies examined applications such as predictive testing, pharmacogenetics, and genetic counseling. Overall, 80% (95% CI = 0.72 to 0.87) expressed favorable attitudes toward genetic testing. Notable barriers included concerns about discrimination, limited knowledge, and ethical issues related to prenatal testing. Although genetic counseling was positively received, its use remained limited due to lack of awareness. Despite the promise genetics holds for psychiatry, addressing technical, ethical, and educational challenges is essential for wider acceptance. Future research should focus on underserved populations and prioritize enhancing genetic counseling and professional education to support the responsible integration of genetic advancements.