Electrospun Silk Fibroin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanofibrous Dressings Co-Loaded With Teicoplanin and Liposomal Curcumin: Fabrication, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antibacterial Performance.

Abstract

Electrospun silk fibroin (SF)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous mats co-loaded with teicoplanin (Tp) and nanoliposomal curcumin (LC) were fabricated to combine extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic architecture with dual antimicrobial and regenerative functionality. Tp and LC were homogeneously incorporated into SF and PVA, respectively, and electrospun under optimized voltage and flow conditions to yield defect-free fibers. Morphological analysis confirmed a consistent nanofiber diameter and a water uptake of 364.17% ± 42.25%, while in vitro degradation in PBS progressed to 45.74% ± 3.99% mass loss after 28 days. Tensile testing demonstrated a breaking strength of 5.39 MPa, indicating sufficient mechanical integrity for wound application. Drug-release assays revealed a biphasic profile for Tp-an initial burst of 666.31 ± 6.85 μg/mL within the first 24 h, followed by sustained liberation over 4 weeks-whereas curcumin exhibited a steady release rate. Cytocompatibility studies on dermal fibroblasts showed 80.88% ± 1.60% viability, and hemolysis remained below 0.13% ± 0.03%, confirming hemocompatibility. In antimicrobial evaluations, the composite dressings achieved synergistic antibactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, outperforming single-agent controls. These findings substantiate the T@S/LC@P scaffold as a versatile, infection-resistant dressing, promising accelerated wound healing and preventing microbial colonization.