Irregular hierarchical-porous polymer for high-performance soft thermoelectrics.

Zhang, Xiao; Wang, Dongyang; Liu, Liyao; Li, Zhiyi; Ji, Zhen; Zhang, Xuefeng; Xu, Chunlin; Yan, Chaoyi et al. · Science · 2026

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Polymer thermoelectrics offer an inherently soft, cost-effective, and lightweight solution to convert ubiquitous heat sources into sustainable electricity. However, their realistic applications are hindered by insufficient performance and the scaling complexity. We introduce irregular hierarchical-porous thermoelectric polymers, featuring irregularly shaped and distributed pores with diameters that range from less than 10 nanometers to micrometers. This porous structure not only enhances multiple phonon-like scattering, achieving a 72% reduction in lattice thermal conductivity, but also unexpectedly improves charge transport through nanoconfinement-enhanced crystallization. The optimized film yields a benchmark figure-of-merit <i>zT</i> of 1.64 at 343 kelvin. Moreover, this method is compatible with easy-to-process spray-coating techniques.