Liquid metal universal grippers for gentle, adaptable, multiscale manipulation.

Chen, Xuanhan; Zhang, Mingkui; Cao, Lu; Fan, Dinggang; Wang, Long; Chen, Yue; Lin, Hao; Sun, Mingyuan et al. · Nat Commun · 2026

biomechanical · Level V

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Abstract

The amoeba can flow like liquid to change its morphology to effectively capture and excrete various prey. Inspired by the amoeba, we present a liquid metal universal gripper capable of effective grasping and active releasing of targets with various shapes, sizes, and stiffnesses in liquid and air. We unveil a surface tension induced active release mechanism enabling tunable active release of micro-objects. The gripper operates across 14 orders of magnitude in weight (from 10<sup>-12 </sup>g to 200 g) and achieves a low gripping contact pressure of ~10 Pa for handling delicate items. It can capture and release moving objects within milliseconds without precise alignment. An environment-agnostic surface activity design extends its functionality to a non-electrolyte environment. The gripper offers notable performance metrics over existing robotic grippers in multiscale operation, low contact pressure, and tunable releasing speed, representing a notable solution for living organisms and microscale objects.