Current evidence on lipid ratios for cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes: A review.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Traditional lipid measures, such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), have been used to assess cardiovascular risk. Emerging evidence suggests that lipid ratios, including Triglyceride/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio (TG/HDL-C), Total Cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio (TC/HDL-C), Non-HDL-Cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio (Non-HDL-C/HDL-C Ratio), LDL Cholesterol /HDL Cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) and Triglycerides /Glucose Index (TyG), may provide incremental or comparative predictive value for CVD in diabetic populations. However, their clinical utility remains insufficiently validated, and are not currently endorsed by major clinical guidelines. This review summarizes and critically appraises the available evidence.