Clinical potential and challenges of spatially profiling tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in early-stage breast cancer.

Page, David B; Simanonok, Michael; Hanes, Douglas A; Su, Alan · PLoS Med · 2026

review · Level V

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Abstract

Digitally automated spatial profiling of immune-tumor cell interactions using multispectral immunofluorescence holds promise as a biomarker to predict outcomes in early-stage breast cancer, but prospective validation and harmonization with existing biomarkers is necessary before clinical adoption.

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