Effect of traffic congestion on mental health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Traffic congestion is a growing concern in urban environments, often linked to adverse mental health outcomes. In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, frequent congestion may significantly impact commuters' psychological well-being. This study aims to assess the association between traffic congestion and mental health, including the influence of demographic factors and coping behaviors among adult commuters. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated, self-administered online questionnaire. A total of 548 participants responded. Data were analyzed using SPSS to identify key associations between traffic congestion and mental health indicators. Among respondents, 58.6% were male and 64.6% aged 18-25 years. Despite regular exposure to traffic congestion, 39.1% reported high psychological well-being, while 15.3% reported low levels. Low well-being was significantly associated with longer commute times, perceived mental health impact of traffic, stress or anxiety related to rush-hour travel, altered social interactions, job burnout, decreased social engagement, and intentions to relocate or change jobs. Traffic congestion negatively affects mental health among Riyadh commuters, particularly through extended commute durations and stress-related symptoms. These findings highlight the need for urban planning and transportation policies that reduce congestion and enhance mental well-being across urban populations.