Can Blood Flow Restriction Training Improve Mental Health and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis?

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of a 12-week blood flow restriction (BFR) training program on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in middle-aged individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). A single-blind, randomized controlled trial. University-based research facility in Spain. Sixty-five adults (mean age 51.8 ± 7.5 years) with clinically diagnosed MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores below 7 were included. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental BFR group (n = 32) or a control group (n = 33). The experimental group completed a supervised, low-load resistance training program with blood flow restriction twice weekly for 12 weeks (24 sessions total). Exercises targeted upper and lower limbs using individualized occlusion pressures to ensure safety and effectiveness. The control group continued their standard medical care without additional physical training. The primary outcome was anxiety, assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Secondary outcomes included depression (HADS-D) and health-related quality of life, evaluated with the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54). Participants in the BFR group showed clear reductions in anxiety and depression levels compared with the control group. Improvements were also observed in multiple quality-of-life domains, including emotional well-being, emotional limitations, cognitive functioning, and general health perception. No adverse events occurred, and adherence to the program was high. BFR training is a safe, feasible, and effective intervention for enhancing emotional health and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. Its low mechanical demands and adaptability make it a valuable alternative for patients facing physical limitations or difficulties engaging in traditional exercise programs.