The regulation of artificial intelligence in intensive care units: from narrow tools to generalist systems.
expert_opinion · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41865113.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41746-026-02535-3 and PMC identifier 13022208.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly explored for use in intensive care units. While most approved AI devices use narrow models, research is shifting towards generalist systems based on large language models and agentic AI. In this perspective, we propose a five-paradigm framework that shows how regulatory complexity rises with AI functionality and scale. As current regulatory frameworks are device-centric, new approaches like agentic oversight are needed for orchestrating AI systems.