Early and Sustained Efficacy of Depemokimab in Type 2 Asthma: A Pooled Analysis of the SWIFT-1/-2 Studies.

Abstract

Depemokimab, the first ultra-long-acting biologic with enhanced IL-5 binding affinity, high inhibition potency, and extended half-life, enables twice-yearly dosing in patients with asthma. In phase III SWIFT-1/-2 trials, depemokimab significantly reduced the annualized exacerbation rate by 54% versus placebo with sustained suppression of inflammation assessed by blood eosinophil count in type 2 asthma. To evaluate the onset and duration of depemokimab efficacy across each 26-week dosing period in the pooled SWIFT-1/-2 population and identify patient characteristics associated with enhanced clinical response. Patients with type 2 asthma, independent of Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 (ACQ-5) status, were randomized 2:1 to receive depemokimab 100 mg subcutaneously or placebo every 26 weeks for 52 weeks. Prespecified end points included time to first exacerbation, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score, ACQ-5 score, Asthma Nighttime Symptom Diary weekly score, Asthma Daytime Symptom Diary weekly score, and rescue medication use over time. We conducted post hoc subgroup analyses by baseline characteristics. Depemokimab reduced the probability of first exacerbation over 52 weeks versus placebo by 46% (hazard ratio = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43-0.69), with effects from week 4 sustained across both dosing periods. Annualized exacerbation rate reductions were most pronounced in patients with asthma disease duration less than 10 years, comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) at baseline. Across each dosing period, depemokimab also improved St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, ACQ-5, Asthma Nighttime Symptom Diary, and Asthma Daytime Symptom Diary scores, particularly in patients with baseline ACQ-5 scores of 1.5 or greater, with sustained improvements in rescue medication. Early and sustained efficacy with depemokimab was observed across 26-week dosing periods in type 2 asthma, with enhanced benefits in patients with shorter disease duration who had not progressed to high-dose ICS.