Effects of different types of plantar stimulation on plantar tactility, proprioception and balance in patients with chronic ankle instability.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of tactile and vibratory plantar stimulation on balance, proprioception, and tactile sensitivity in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Forty individuals with CAI were randomly assigned to receive either tactile or vibratory plantar stimulation for five minutes. Static and dynamic balance, proprioception, and plantar tactile thresholds were assessed before and immediately after stimulation, as well as at 30 min and 60 min post-stimulation. Both types of stimulation significantly improved static balance (mean velocity in the anterior-posterior (p = 0.008) and medial-lateral (p = 0.003) directions) and proprioception (inversion kinesthesia: p = 0.002; position sense: p = 0.007), with effects lasting up to 30 min. Vibratory stimulation resulted in significantly greater improvement in dynamic balance at all time points (p < 0.05) and produced a greater reduction in tactile threshold at the heel immediately post-stimulation (p < 0.001) compared to tactile stimulation. A five-minute session of plantar stimulation - particularly vibratory stimulation - can immediately enhance balance, proprioception, and plantar sensitivity in CAI patients, with some effects persisting up to 60 min. These findings support the use of sensory stimulation as a potential treatment for CAI, though further research is needed to determine long-term efficacy and optimal protocols.